Chronic kidney disease

Definition

Presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three months with implication for health

CKD may lead into problems regarding

GFR estimation (eGFR)

eGFR = kx height (cm)/ S-creatinine (mg/dL)
k=0.45 in infants, K=0.55 in children and adolescent girls, k=0.7 in adolescent boys

Classification

The staging cannot be used for children under two years of age because their normal range of GFR is lower than in older children.

Causes

Important points in history

Important points on examination

Investigations

Complications

Treatment

Treat reversible causes

Prevent the progression of kidney disease

Blood pressure Proteinuria

Treat the complications of CKD

Anemia Hyperkalemia Acidosis Fluid overload Metabolic bone disease (treatment when eGFR < 30ml/min), mostly treatment only available only in private pharmacies If Dyslipidemia Nutrition Psychosocial support, Umodzi involvement

Progression

More rapid if

Monitoring and follow-up